Aspectos moleculares del envejecimiento cutáneo.
Resumen
El envejecimiento de la piel es la manifestación más visible y evidente del envejecimiento del organismo y puede servir como predictor de la esperanza de vida y salud. Sin embargo, también el deseo humano de belleza a lo largo de toda la vida aumenta aún más el interés en el tema. Por ende en los últimos años se han puesto considerables medios y esfuerzos en investigación básica y aplicada para estudiar los mecanismos del envejecimiento de la piel. Estos trabajos han ayudado a profundizar nuestra comprensión sobre la complejidad biológica y molecular de los procesos fisiológicos que ocurren en la piel. Los cambios producidos por el envejecimiento cutáneo afectan a cada uno de los componentes o capas de la piel, desde el estrato córneo hasta el tejido celular subcutáneo y se reflejan en las características clínicas del envejecimiento. En este contexto a nivel molecular se han descrito alteraciones como una menor capacidad para reparar daños del ADN, desgaste de los telómeros y alteraciones en los mecanismos de señalización celular que modifican la funcionalidad de genes involucrados en la producción de enzimas que degradan componentes moleculares de la piel, así como en el comportamiento de moléculas comprometidas en procesos de inflamación, conducentes a las alteraciones celulares e histológicas que ocurren durante el envejecimiento cutáneo. En esta revisión se describen algunas de ellas.
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